mcMMO/src/main/java/com/gmail/nossr50/database/SQLDatabaseManager.java

package com.gmail.nossr50.database;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import com.gmail.nossr50.mcMMO;
import com.gmail.nossr50.config.Config;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.MobHealthbarType;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.database.DatabaseType;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.database.PlayerStat;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.database.UpgradeType;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.player.PlayerProfile;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.skills.AbilityType;
import com.gmail.nossr50.datatypes.skills.SkillType;
import com.gmail.nossr50.runnables.database.SQLDatabaseKeepaliveTask;
import com.gmail.nossr50.runnables.database.SQLReconnectTask;
import com.gmail.nossr50.util.Misc;

public final class SQLDatabaseManager implements DatabaseManager {
    private String connectionString;
    private String tablePrefix = Config.getInstance().getMySQLTablePrefix();
    private Connection connection = null;

    // Scale waiting time by this much per failed attempt
    private final double SCALING_FACTOR = 40.0;

    // Minimum wait in nanoseconds (default 500ms)
    private final long MIN_WAIT = 500L * 1000000L;

    // Maximum time to wait between reconnects (default 5 minutes)
    private final long MAX_WAIT = 5L * 60L * 1000L * 1000000L;

    // How long to wait when checking if connection is valid (default 3 seconds)
    private final int VALID_TIMEOUT = 3;

    // When next to try connecting to Database in nanoseconds
    private long nextReconnectTimestamp = 0L;

    // How many connection attempts have failed
    private int reconnectAttempt = 0;

    protected SQLDatabaseManager() {
        checkStructure();

        new SQLDatabaseKeepaliveTask(this).runTaskTimerAsynchronously(mcMMO.p, 10, 60L * 60 * Misc.TICK_CONVERSION_FACTOR);
    }

    public void purgePowerlessUsers() {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return;
        }

        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Purging powerless users...");

        Collection<ArrayList<String>> usernames = read("SELECT u.user FROM " + tablePrefix + "skills AS s, " + tablePrefix + "users AS u WHERE s.user_id = u.id AND (s.taming+s.mining+s.woodcutting+s.repair+s.unarmed+s.herbalism+s.excavation+s.archery+s.swords+s.axes+s.acrobatics+s.fishing) = 0").values();

        write("DELETE FROM u, e, h, s, c USING " + tablePrefix + "users u " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "experience e ON (u.id = e.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "huds h ON (u.id = h.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills s ON (u.id = s.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns c ON (u.id = c.user_id) " +
                "WHERE (s.taming+s.mining+s.woodcutting+s.repair+s.unarmed+s.herbalism+s.excavation+s.archery+s.swords+s.axes+s.acrobatics+s.fishing) = 0");

        processPurge(usernames);
        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Purged " + usernames.size() + " users from the database.");
    }

    public void purgeOldUsers() {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return;
        }

        long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Purging old users...");

        Collection<ArrayList<String>> usernames = read("SELECT user FROM " + tablePrefix + "users WHERE ((" + currentTime + " - lastlogin * " + Misc.TIME_CONVERSION_FACTOR + ") > " + PURGE_TIME + ")").values();

        write("DELETE FROM u, e, h, s, c USING " + tablePrefix + "users u " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "experience e ON (u.id = e.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "huds h ON (u.id = h.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills s ON (u.id = s.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns c ON (u.id = c.user_id) " +
                "WHERE ((" + currentTime + " - lastlogin * " + Misc.TIME_CONVERSION_FACTOR + ") > " + PURGE_TIME + ")");

        processPurge(usernames);
        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Purged " + usernames.size() + " users from the database.");
    }

    public boolean removeUser(String playerName) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return false;
        }

        boolean success = update("DELETE FROM u, e, h, s, c " +
                "USING " + tablePrefix + "users u " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "experience e ON (u.id = e.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "huds h ON (u.id = h.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills s ON (u.id = s.user_id) " +
                "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns c ON (u.id = c.user_id) " +
                "WHERE u.user = '" + playerName + "'") != 0;

        Misc.profileCleanup(playerName);

        return success;
    }

    public boolean saveUser(PlayerProfile profile) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return false;
        }

        int userId = readId(profile.getPlayerName());
        if (userId == -1) {
            newUser(profile.getPlayerName());
            userId = readId(profile.getPlayerName());
            if (userId == -1) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        boolean success = true;
        MobHealthbarType mobHealthbarType = profile.getMobHealthbarType();

        success &= saveLogin(userId, ((int) (System.currentTimeMillis() / Misc.TIME_CONVERSION_FACTOR)));
        success &= saveHuds(userId, (mobHealthbarType == null ? Config.getInstance().getMobHealthbarDefault().toString() : mobHealthbarType.toString()));
        success &= saveLongs(
                "UPDATE " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns SET "
                        + "  mining = ?, woodcutting = ?, unarmed = ?"
                        + ", herbalism = ?, excavation = ?, swords = ?"
                        + ", axes = ?, blast_mining = ? WHERE user_id = ?",
                userId,
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.SUPER_BREAKER),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.TREE_FELLER),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.BERSERK),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.GREEN_TERRA),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.GIGA_DRILL_BREAKER),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.SERRATED_STRIKES),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.SKULL_SPLITTER),
                profile.getAbilityDATS(AbilityType.BLAST_MINING));
        success &= saveIntegers(
                "UPDATE " + tablePrefix + "skills SET "
                        + " taming = ?, mining = ?, repair = ?, woodcutting = ?"
                        + ", unarmed = ?, herbalism = ?, excavation = ?"
                        + ", archery = ?, swords = ?, axes = ?, acrobatics = ?"
                        + ", fishing = ?, alchemy = ? WHERE user_id = ?",
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.TAMING),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.MINING),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.REPAIR),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.WOODCUTTING),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.UNARMED),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.HERBALISM),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.EXCAVATION),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.ARCHERY),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.SWORDS),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.AXES),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.ACROBATICS),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.FISHING),
                profile.getSkillLevel(SkillType.ALCHEMY),
                userId);
        success &= saveIntegers(
                "UPDATE " + tablePrefix + "experience SET "
                        + " taming = ?, mining = ?, repair = ?, woodcutting = ?"
                        + ", unarmed = ?, herbalism = ?, excavation = ?"
                        + ", archery = ?, swords = ?, axes = ?, acrobatics = ?"
                        + ", fishing = ?, alchemy = ? WHERE user_id = ?",
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.TAMING),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.MINING),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.REPAIR),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.WOODCUTTING),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.UNARMED),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.HERBALISM),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.EXCAVATION),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.ARCHERY),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.SWORDS),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.AXES),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.ACROBATICS),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.FISHING),
                profile.getSkillXpLevel(SkillType.ALCHEMY),
                userId);
        return success;
    }

    public List<PlayerStat> readLeaderboard(SkillType skill, int pageNumber, int statsPerPage) {
        List<PlayerStat> stats = new ArrayList<PlayerStat>();

        if (checkConnected()) {
            String query = skill == null ? "taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy" : skill.name().toLowerCase();
            ResultSet resultSet;
            PreparedStatement statement = null;

            try {
                statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT " + query + ", user, NOW() FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON (user_id = id) WHERE " + query + " > 0 ORDER BY " + query + " DESC, user LIMIT ?, ?");
                statement.setInt(1, (pageNumber * statsPerPage) - statsPerPage);
                statement.setInt(2, statsPerPage);
                resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                while (resultSet.next()) {
                    ArrayList<String> column = new ArrayList<String>();

                    for (int i = 1; i <= resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); i++) {
                        column.add(resultSet.getString(i));
                    }

                    stats.add(new PlayerStat(column.get(1), Integer.valueOf(column.get(0))));
                }
            }
            catch (SQLException ex) {
                printErrors(ex);
            }
            finally {
                if (statement != null) {
                    try {
                        statement.close();
                    }
                    catch (SQLException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return stats;
    }

    public Map<SkillType, Integer> readRank(String playerName) {
        Map<SkillType, Integer> skills = new HashMap<SkillType, Integer>();

        if (checkConnected()) {
            ResultSet resultSet;

            try {
                for (SkillType skillType : SkillType.NON_CHILD_SKILLS) {
                    String skillName = skillType.name().toLowerCase();
                    String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS rank FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id WHERE " + skillName + " > 0 " +
                            "AND " + skillName + " > (SELECT " + skillName + " FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id " +
                            "WHERE user = ?)";

                    PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                    statement.setString(1, playerName);
                    resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                    resultSet.next();

                    int rank = resultSet.getInt("rank");

                    sql = "SELECT user, " + skillName + " FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id WHERE " + skillName + " > 0 " +
                            "AND " + skillName + " = (SELECT " + skillName + " FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id " +
                            "WHERE user = '" + playerName + "') ORDER BY user";

                    statement.close();

                    statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                    resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                    while (resultSet.next()) {
                        if (resultSet.getString("user").equalsIgnoreCase(playerName)) {
                            skills.put(skillType, rank + resultSet.getRow());
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    statement.close();
                }

                String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS rank FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id " +
                        "WHERE taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy > 0 " +
                        "AND taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy > " +
                        "(SELECT taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy " +
                        "FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id WHERE user = ?)";

                PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                statement.setString(1, playerName);
                resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                resultSet.next();

                int rank = resultSet.getInt("rank");

                statement.close();

                sql = "SELECT user, taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy " +
                        "FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id " +
                        "WHERE taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy > 0 " +
                        "AND taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy = " +
                        "(SELECT taming+mining+woodcutting+repair+unarmed+herbalism+excavation+archery+swords+axes+acrobatics+fishing+alchemy " +
                        "FROM " + tablePrefix + "users JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills ON user_id = id WHERE user = ?) ORDER BY user";

                statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                statement.setString(1, playerName);
                resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                while (resultSet.next()) {
                    if (resultSet.getString("user").equalsIgnoreCase(playerName)) {
                        skills.put(null, rank + resultSet.getRow());
                        break;
                    }
                }

                statement.close();
            }
            catch (SQLException ex) {
                printErrors(ex);
            }
        }

        return skills;
    }

    public void newUser(String playerName) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return;
        }

        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO " + tablePrefix + "users (user, lastlogin) VALUES (?, ?)", Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
            statement.setString(1, playerName);
            statement.setLong(2, System.currentTimeMillis() / Misc.TIME_CONVERSION_FACTOR);
            statement.execute();

            int id = readId(playerName);
            writeMissingRows(id);
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public PlayerProfile loadPlayerProfile(String playerName, boolean create) {
        return loadPlayerProfile(playerName, create, true);
    }

    private PlayerProfile loadPlayerProfile(String playerName, boolean create, boolean retry) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return new PlayerProfile(playerName, false); // return fake profile if not connected
        }

        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(
                    "SELECT "
                            + "s.taming, s.mining, s.repair, s.woodcutting, s.unarmed, s.herbalism, s.excavation, s.archery, s.swords, s.axes, s.acrobatics, s.fishing, s.alchemy, "
                            + "e.taming, e.mining, e.repair, e.woodcutting, e.unarmed, e.herbalism, e.excavation, e.archery, e.swords, e.axes, e.acrobatics, e.fishing, e.alchemy, "
                            + "c.taming, c.mining, c.repair, c.woodcutting, c.unarmed, c.herbalism, c.excavation, c.archery, c.swords, c.axes, c.acrobatics, c.blast_mining, "
                            + "h.mobhealthbar "
                            + "FROM " + tablePrefix + "users u "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills s ON (u.id = s.user_id) "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "experience e ON (u.id = e.user_id) "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns c ON (u.id = c.user_id) "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "huds h ON (u.id = h.user_id) "
                            + "WHERE u.user = ?");
            statement.setString(1, playerName);

            ResultSet result = statement.executeQuery();

            if (result.next()) {
                try {
                    PlayerProfile ret = loadFromResult(playerName, result);
                    result.close();
                    return ret;
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                }
            }
            result.close();
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }

        // Problem, nothing was returned

        // Quit if this is second time around
        if (!retry) {
            return new PlayerProfile(playerName, false);
        }

        // First, read User Id - this is to check for orphans

        int id = readId(playerName);

        if (id == -1) {
            // There is no such user
            if (create) {
                newUser(playerName);
                return loadPlayerProfile(playerName, false, false);
            }

            // Return unloaded profile if can't create
            return new PlayerProfile(playerName, false);
        }
        // There is such a user
        writeMissingRows(id);
        // Retry, and abort on re-failure
        return loadPlayerProfile(playerName, create, false);
    }

    public void convertUsers(DatabaseManager destination) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return;
        }

        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(
                    "SELECT "
                            + "s.taming, s.mining, s.repair, s.woodcutting, s.unarmed, s.herbalism, s.excavation, s.archery, s.swords, s.axes, s.acrobatics, s.fishing, s.alchemy, "
                            + "e.taming, e.mining, e.repair, e.woodcutting, e.unarmed, e.herbalism, e.excavation, e.archery, e.swords, e.axes, e.acrobatics, e.fishing, e.alchemy, "
                            + "c.taming, c.mining, c.repair, c.woodcutting, c.unarmed, c.herbalism, c.excavation, c.archery, c.swords, c.axes, c.acrobatics, c.blast_mining, "
                            + "h.mobhealthbar "
                            + "FROM " + tablePrefix + "users u "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "skills s ON (u.id = s.user_id) "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "experience e ON (u.id = e.user_id) "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns c ON (u.id = c.user_id) "
                            + "JOIN " + tablePrefix + "huds h ON (u.id = h.user_id) "
                            + "WHERE u.user = ?");
            List<String> usernames = getStoredUsers();
            ResultSet resultSet;
            int convertedUsers = 0;
            long startMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
            for (String playerName : usernames) {
                statement.setString(1, playerName);
                try {
                    resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
                    resultSet.next();
                    destination.saveUser(loadFromResult(playerName, resultSet));
                    resultSet.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
                convertedUsers++;
                Misc.printProgress(convertedUsers, progressInterval, startMillis);
            }
        }
        catch (SQLException e) {
            printErrors(e);
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * Check connection status and re-establish if dead or stale.
     * <p/>
     * If the very first immediate attempt fails, further attempts
     * will be made in progressively larger intervals up to MAX_WAIT
     * intervals.
     * <p/>
     * This allows for MySQL to time out idle connections as needed by
     * server operator, without affecting McMMO, while still providing
     * protection against a database outage taking down Bukkit's tick
     * processing loop due to attempting a database connection each
     * time McMMO needs the database.
     *
     * @return the boolean value for whether or not we are connected
     */
    public boolean checkConnected() {
        boolean isClosed = true;
        boolean isValid = false;
        boolean exists = (connection != null);

        // If we're waiting for server to recover then leave early
        if (nextReconnectTimestamp > 0 && nextReconnectTimestamp > System.nanoTime()) {
            return false;
        }

        if (exists) {
            try {
                isClosed = connection.isClosed();
            }
            catch (SQLException e) {
                isClosed = true;
                e.printStackTrace();
                printErrors(e);
            }

            if (!isClosed) {
                try {
                    isValid = connection.isValid(VALID_TIMEOUT);
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Don't print stack trace because it's valid to lose idle connections to the server and have to restart them.
                    isValid = false;
                }
            }
        }

        // Leave if all ok
        if (exists && !isClosed && isValid) {
            // Housekeeping
            nextReconnectTimestamp = 0;
            reconnectAttempt = 0;
            return true;
        }

        // Cleanup after ourselves for GC and MySQL's sake
        if (exists && !isClosed) {
            try {
                connection.close();
            }
            catch (SQLException ex) {
                // This is a housekeeping exercise, ignore errors
            }
        }

        // Try to connect again
        connect();

        // Leave if connection is good
        try {
            if (connection != null && !connection.isClosed()) {
                // Schedule a database save if we really had an outage
                if (reconnectAttempt > 1) {
                    new SQLReconnectTask().runTaskLater(mcMMO.p, 5);
                }
                nextReconnectTimestamp = 0;
                reconnectAttempt = 0;
                return true;
            }
        }
        catch (SQLException e) {
            // Failed to check isClosed, so presume connection is bad and attempt later
            e.printStackTrace();
            printErrors(e);
        }

        reconnectAttempt++;
        nextReconnectTimestamp = (long) (System.nanoTime() + Math.min(MAX_WAIT, (reconnectAttempt * SCALING_FACTOR * MIN_WAIT)));
        return false;
    }

    public List<String> getStoredUsers() {
        ArrayList<String> users = new ArrayList<String>();

        if (checkConnected()) {
            Statement stmt = null;
            try {
                stmt = connection.createStatement();
                ResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user FROM " + tablePrefix + "users");
                while (result.next()) {
                    users.add(result.getString("user"));
                }
                result.close();
            }
            catch (SQLException e) {
                printErrors(e);
            }
            finally {
                if (stmt != null) {
                    try {
                        stmt.close();
                    }
                    catch (SQLException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return users;
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to connect to the mySQL database.
     */
    private void connect() {
        connectionString = "jdbc:mysql://" + Config.getInstance().getMySQLServerName() + ":" + Config.getInstance().getMySQLServerPort() + "/" + Config.getInstance().getMySQLDatabaseName();

        try {
            mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Attempting connection to MySQL...");

            // Force driver to load if not yet loaded
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            Properties connectionProperties = new Properties();
            connectionProperties.put("user", Config.getInstance().getMySQLUserName());
            connectionProperties.put("password", Config.getInstance().getMySQLUserPassword());
            connectionProperties.put("autoReconnect", "false");
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionString, connectionProperties);

            mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Connection to MySQL was a success!");
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            connection = null;

            if (reconnectAttempt == 0 || reconnectAttempt >= 11) {
                mcMMO.p.getLogger().severe("Connection to MySQL failed!");
                printErrors(ex);
            }
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            connection = null;

            if (reconnectAttempt == 0 || reconnectAttempt >= 11) {
                mcMMO.p.getLogger().severe("MySQL database driver not found!");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks that the database structure is present and correct
     */
    private void checkStructure() {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return;
        }

        write("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `" + tablePrefix + "users` ("
                + "`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,"
                + "`user` varchar(40) NOT NULL,"
                + "`lastlogin` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL,"
                + "PRIMARY KEY (`id`),"
                + "UNIQUE KEY `user` (`user`)) DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=1;");
        write("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `" + tablePrefix + "huds` ("
                + "`user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,"
                + "`mobhealthbar` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '" + Config.getInstance().getMobHealthbarDefault() + "',"
                + "PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)) "
                + "DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;");
        write("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `" + tablePrefix + "cooldowns` ("
                + "`user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,"
                + "`taming` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`mining` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`woodcutting` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`repair` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`unarmed` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`herbalism` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`excavation` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`archery` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`swords` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`axes` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`acrobatics` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`blast_mining` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)) "
                + "DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;");
        write("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `" + tablePrefix + "skills` ("
                + "`user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,"
                + "`taming` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`mining` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`woodcutting` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`repair` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`unarmed` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`herbalism` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`excavation` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`archery` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`swords` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`axes` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`acrobatics` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`fishing` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`alchemy` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)) "
                + "DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;");
        write("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `" + tablePrefix + "experience` ("
                + "`user_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,"
                + "`taming` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`mining` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`woodcutting` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`repair` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`unarmed` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`herbalism` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`excavation` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`archery` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`swords` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`axes` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`acrobatics` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`fishing` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "`alchemy` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',"
                + "PRIMARY KEY (`user_id`)) "
                + "DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;");

        for (UpgradeType updateType : UpgradeType.values()) {
            checkDatabaseStructure(updateType);
        }

        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Killing orphans");
        write("DELETE FROM `" + tablePrefix + "experience` WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM `" + tablePrefix + "users` `u` WHERE `" + tablePrefix + "experience`.`user_id` = `u`.`id`)");
        write("DELETE FROM `" + tablePrefix + "huds` WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM `" + tablePrefix + "users` `u` WHERE `" + tablePrefix + "huds`.`user_id` = `u`.`id`)");
        write("DELETE FROM `" + tablePrefix + "cooldowns` WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM `" + tablePrefix + "users` `u` WHERE `" + tablePrefix + "cooldowns`.`user_id` = `u`.`id`)");
        write("DELETE FROM `" + tablePrefix + "skills` WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM `" + tablePrefix + "users` `u` WHERE `" + tablePrefix + "skills`.`user_id` = `u`.`id`)");
    }

    /**
     * Check database structure for necessary upgrades.
     *
     * @param upgrade Upgrade to attempt to apply
     */
    private void checkDatabaseStructure(UpgradeType upgrade) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return;
        }

        if (!mcMMO.getUpgradeManager().shouldUpgrade(upgrade)) {
            mcMMO.p.debug("Skipping " + upgrade.name() + " upgrade (unneeded)");
            return;
        }

        Statement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.createStatement();

            switch (upgrade) {
                case ADD_FISHING:
                    try {
                        statement.executeQuery("SELECT `fishing` FROM `" + tablePrefix + "skills` LIMIT 1");
                    }
                    catch (SQLException ex) {
                        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Updating mcMMO MySQL tables for Fishing...");
                        statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "skills` ADD `fishing` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'");
                        statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "experience` ADD `fishing` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'");
                    }
                    break;

                case ADD_BLAST_MINING_COOLDOWN:
                    try {
                        statement.executeQuery("SELECT `blast_mining` FROM `" + tablePrefix + "cooldowns` LIMIT 1");
                    }
                    catch (SQLException ex) {
                        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Updating mcMMO MySQL tables for Blast Mining...");
                        statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "cooldowns` ADD `blast_mining` int(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'");
                    }
                    break;

                case ADD_SQL_INDEXES:
                    resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SHOW INDEX FROM `" + tablePrefix + "skills` WHERE `Key_name` LIKE 'idx\\_%'");
                    resultSet.last();

                    if (resultSet.getRow() != SkillType.NON_CHILD_SKILLS.size()) {
                        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Indexing tables, this may take a while on larger databases");

                        for (SkillType skill : SkillType.NON_CHILD_SKILLS) {
                            String skill_name = skill.name().toLowerCase();

                            try {
                                statement.executeUpdate("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "skills` ADD INDEX `idx_" + skill_name + "` (`" + skill_name + "`) USING BTREE");
                            }
                            catch (SQLException ex) {
                                // Ignore
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;

                case ADD_MOB_HEALTHBARS:
                    try {
                        statement.executeQuery("SELECT `mobhealthbar` FROM `" + tablePrefix + "huds` LIMIT 1");
                    }
                    catch (SQLException ex) {
                        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Updating mcMMO MySQL tables for mob healthbars...");
                        statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "huds` ADD `mobhealthbar` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '" + Config.getInstance().getMobHealthbarDefault() + "'");
                    }
                    break;

                case DROP_SQL_PARTY_NAMES:
                    try {
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM `" + tablePrefix + "users` LIMIT 1");

                        ResultSetMetaData rsmeta = resultSet.getMetaData();
                        boolean column_exists = false;

                        for (int i = 1; i <= rsmeta.getColumnCount(); i++) {
                            if (rsmeta.getColumnName(i).equalsIgnoreCase("party")) {
                                column_exists = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if (column_exists) {
                            mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Removing party name from users table...");
                            statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "users` DROP COLUMN `party`");
                        }
                    }
                    catch (SQLException ex) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                    break;

                case DROP_SPOUT:
                    try {
                        resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM `" + tablePrefix + "huds` LIMIT 1");

                        ResultSetMetaData rsmeta = resultSet.getMetaData();
                        boolean column_exists = false;

                        for (int i = 1; i <= rsmeta.getColumnCount(); i++) {
                            if (rsmeta.getColumnName(i).equalsIgnoreCase("hudtype")) {
                                column_exists = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if (column_exists) {
                            mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Removing Spout HUD type from huds table...");
                            statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "huds` DROP COLUMN `hudtype`");
                        }
                    }
                    catch (SQLException ex) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                    break;

                case ADD_ALCHEMY:
                    try {
                        statement.executeQuery("SELECT `alchemy` FROM `" + tablePrefix + "skills` LIMIT 1");
                    }
                    catch (SQLException ex) {
                        mcMMO.p.getLogger().info("Updating mcMMO MySQL tables for Alchemy...");
                        statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "skills` ADD `alchemy` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'");
                        statement.executeQuery("ALTER TABLE `" + tablePrefix + "experience` ADD `alchemy` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'");
                    }
                    break;

                default:
                    break;

            }

            mcMMO.getUpgradeManager().setUpgradeCompleted(upgrade);
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {

        }
        finally {
            if (resultSet != null) {
                try {
                    resultSet.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempt to write the SQL query.
     *
     * @param sql Query to write.
     *
     * @return true if the query was successfully written, false otherwise.
     */
    private boolean write(String sql) {
        if (!checkConnected()) {
            return false;
        }

        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.executeUpdate();
            return true;
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            if (!sql.contains("DROP COLUMN")) {
                printErrors(ex);
            }
            return false;
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of rows affected by either a DELETE or UPDATE query
     *
     * @param sql SQL query to execute
     *
     * @return the number of rows affected
     */
    private int update(String sql) {
        int rows = 0;

        if (checkConnected()) {
            PreparedStatement statement = null;

            try {
                statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                rows = statement.executeUpdate();
            }
            catch (SQLException ex) {
                printErrors(ex);
            }
            finally {
                if (statement != null) {
                    try {
                        statement.close();
                    }
                    catch (SQLException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return rows;
    }

    /**
     * Read SQL query.
     *
     * @param sql SQL query to read
     *
     * @return the rows in this SQL query
     */
    private HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<String>> read(String sql) {
        HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<String>> rows = new HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<String>>();

        if (checkConnected()) {
            PreparedStatement statement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet;

            try {
                statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                while (resultSet.next()) {
                    ArrayList<String> column = new ArrayList<String>();

                    for (int i = 1; i <= resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); i++) {
                        column.add(resultSet.getString(i));
                    }

                    rows.put(resultSet.getRow(), column);
                }
            }
            catch (SQLException ex) {
                printErrors(ex);
            }
            finally {
                if (statement != null) {
                    try {
                        statement.close();
                    }
                    catch (SQLException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return rows;
    }

    /**
     * Get the Integer. Only return first row / first field.
     *
     * @param statement SQL query to execute
     *
     * @return the value in the first row / first field
     */
    private int readInt(PreparedStatement statement) {
        int result = -1;

        if (checkConnected()) {
            ResultSet resultSet;

            try {
                resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

                if (resultSet.next()) {
                    result = resultSet.getInt(1);
                }
            }
            catch (SQLException ex) {
                printErrors(ex);
            }
            finally {
                if (statement != null) {
                    try {
                        statement.close();
                    }
                    catch (SQLException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    private void writeMissingRows(int id) {
        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT IGNORE INTO " + tablePrefix + "experience (user_id) VALUES (?)");
            statement.setInt(1, id);
            statement.execute();
            statement.close();

            statement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT IGNORE INTO " + tablePrefix + "skills (user_id) VALUES (?)");
            statement.setInt(1, id);
            statement.execute();
            statement.close();

            statement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT IGNORE INTO " + tablePrefix + "cooldowns (user_id) VALUES (?)");
            statement.setInt(1, id);
            statement.execute();
            statement.close();

            statement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT IGNORE INTO " + tablePrefix + "huds (user_id, mobhealthbar) VALUES (? ,'" + Config.getInstance().getMobHealthbarDefault().name() + "')");
            statement.setInt(1, id);
            statement.execute();
            statement.close();
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void processPurge(Collection<ArrayList<String>> usernames) {
        for (ArrayList<String> user : usernames) {
            Misc.profileCleanup(user.get(0));
        }
    }

    private boolean saveIntegers(String sql, int... args) {
        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            int i = 1;

            for (int arg : args) {
                statement.setInt(i++, arg);
            }

            statement.execute();
            return true;
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
            return false;
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean saveLongs(String sql, int id, long... args) {
        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            int i = 1;

            for (long arg : args) {
                statement.setLong(i++, arg);
            }

            statement.setInt(i++, id);
            statement.execute();
            return true;
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
            return false;
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the database id for a player
     *
     * @param playerName The name of the user to retrieve the id for
     *
     * @return the requested id or -1 if not found
     */
    private int readId(String playerName) {
        int id = -1;

        try {
            PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT id FROM " + tablePrefix + "users WHERE user = ?");
            statement.setString(1, playerName);
            id = readInt(statement);
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
        }

        return id;
    }

    private boolean saveLogin(int id, long login) {
        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE " + tablePrefix + "users SET lastlogin = ? WHERE id = ?");
            statement.setLong(1, login);
            statement.setInt(2, id);
            statement.execute();
            return true;
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
            return false;
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean saveHuds(int userId, String mobHealthBar) {
        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            statement = connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE " + tablePrefix + "huds SET mobhealthbar = ? WHERE user_id = ?");
            statement.setString(1, mobHealthBar);
            statement.setInt(2, userId);
            statement.execute();
            return true;
        }
        catch (SQLException ex) {
            printErrors(ex);
            return false;
        }
        finally {
            if (statement != null) {
                try {
                    statement.close();
                }
                catch (SQLException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private PlayerProfile loadFromResult(String playerName, ResultSet result) throws SQLException {
        Map<SkillType, Integer> skills = new HashMap<SkillType, Integer>();   // Skill & Level
        Map<SkillType, Float> skillsXp = new HashMap<SkillType, Float>();     // Skill & XP
        Map<AbilityType, Integer> skillsDATS = new HashMap<AbilityType, Integer>(); // Ability & Cooldown
        MobHealthbarType mobHealthbarType;

        final int OFFSET_SKILLS = 0; // TODO update these numbers when the query changes (a new skill is added)
        final int OFFSET_XP = 13;
        final int OFFSET_DATS = 26;
        final int OFFSET_OTHER = 38;

        skills.put(SkillType.TAMING, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 1));
        skills.put(SkillType.MINING, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 2));
        skills.put(SkillType.REPAIR, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 3));
        skills.put(SkillType.WOODCUTTING, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 4));
        skills.put(SkillType.UNARMED, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 5));
        skills.put(SkillType.HERBALISM, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 6));
        skills.put(SkillType.EXCAVATION, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 7));
        skills.put(SkillType.ARCHERY, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 8));
        skills.put(SkillType.SWORDS, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 9));
        skills.put(SkillType.AXES, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 10));
        skills.put(SkillType.ACROBATICS, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 11));
        skills.put(SkillType.FISHING, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 12));
        skills.put(SkillType.ALCHEMY, result.getInt(OFFSET_SKILLS + 13));

        skillsXp.put(SkillType.TAMING, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 1));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.MINING, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 2));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.REPAIR, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 3));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.WOODCUTTING, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 4));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.UNARMED, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 5));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.HERBALISM, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 6));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.EXCAVATION, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 7));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.ARCHERY, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 8));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.SWORDS, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 9));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.AXES, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 10));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.ACROBATICS, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 11));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.FISHING, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 12));
        skillsXp.put(SkillType.ALCHEMY, result.getFloat(OFFSET_XP + 13));

        // Taming - Unused - result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 1)
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.SUPER_BREAKER, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 2));
        // Repair - Unused - result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 3)
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.TREE_FELLER, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 4));
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.BERSERK, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 5));
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.GREEN_TERRA, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 6));
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.GIGA_DRILL_BREAKER, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 7));
        // Archery - Unused - result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 8)
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.SERRATED_STRIKES, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 9));
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.SKULL_SPLITTER, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 10));
        // Acrobatics - Unused - result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 11)
        skillsDATS.put(AbilityType.BLAST_MINING, result.getInt(OFFSET_DATS + 12));

        try {
            mobHealthbarType = MobHealthbarType.valueOf(result.getString(OFFSET_OTHER + 2));
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            mobHealthbarType = Config.getInstance().getMobHealthbarDefault();
        }

        return new PlayerProfile(playerName, skills, skillsXp, skillsDATS, mobHealthbarType);
    }

    private void printErrors(SQLException ex) {
        mcMMO.p.getLogger().severe("SQLException: " + ex.getMessage());
        mcMMO.p.getLogger().severe("SQLState: " + ex.getSQLState());
        mcMMO.p.getLogger().severe("VendorError: " + ex.getErrorCode());
    }

    public DatabaseType getDatabaseType() {
        return DatabaseType.SQL;
    }
}