jellyfin/MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding/Subtitles/SubtitleEncoder.cs

#pragma warning disable CS1591

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using AsyncKeyedLock;
using MediaBrowser.Common;
using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
using MediaBrowser.Common.Net;
using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
using MediaBrowser.Controller.IO;
using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
using MediaBrowser.Model.MediaInfo;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using UtfUnknown;

namespace MediaBrowser.MediaEncoding.Subtitles
{
    public sealed class SubtitleEncoder : ISubtitleEncoder, IDisposable
    {
        private readonly ILogger<SubtitleEncoder> _logger;
        private readonly IFileSystem _fileSystem;
        private readonly IMediaEncoder _mediaEncoder;
        private readonly IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
        private readonly IMediaSourceManager _mediaSourceManager;
        private readonly ISubtitleParser _subtitleParser;
        private readonly IPathManager _pathManager;
        private readonly IServerConfigurationManager _serverConfigurationManager;

        /// <summary>
        /// The _semaphoreLocks.
        /// </summary>
        private readonly AsyncKeyedLocker<string> _semaphoreLocks = new(o =>
        {
            o.PoolSize = 20;
            o.PoolInitialFill = 1;
        });

        public SubtitleEncoder(
            ILogger<SubtitleEncoder> logger,
            IFileSystem fileSystem,
            IMediaEncoder mediaEncoder,
            IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory,
            IMediaSourceManager mediaSourceManager,
            ISubtitleParser subtitleParser,
            IPathManager pathManager,
            IServerConfigurationManager serverConfigurationManager)
        {
            _logger = logger;
            _fileSystem = fileSystem;
            _mediaEncoder = mediaEncoder;
            _httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
            _mediaSourceManager = mediaSourceManager;
            _subtitleParser = subtitleParser;
            _pathManager = pathManager;
            _serverConfigurationManager = serverConfigurationManager;
        }

        private MemoryStream ConvertSubtitles(
            Stream stream,
            string inputFormat,
            string outputFormat,
            long startTimeTicks,
            long endTimeTicks,
            bool preserveOriginalTimestamps,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var ms = new MemoryStream();

            try
            {
                var trackInfo = _subtitleParser.Parse(stream, inputFormat);

                FilterEvents(trackInfo, startTimeTicks, endTimeTicks, preserveOriginalTimestamps);

                var writer = GetWriter(outputFormat);

                writer.Write(trackInfo, ms, cancellationToken);
                ms.Position = 0;
            }
            catch
            {
                ms.Dispose();
                throw;
            }

            return ms;
        }

        private void FilterEvents(SubtitleTrackInfo track, long startPositionTicks, long endTimeTicks, bool preserveTimestamps)
        {
            // Drop subs that are earlier than what we're looking for
            track.TrackEvents = track.TrackEvents
                .SkipWhile(i => (i.StartPositionTicks - startPositionTicks) < 0 || (i.EndPositionTicks - startPositionTicks) < 0)
                .ToArray();

            if (endTimeTicks > 0)
            {
                track.TrackEvents = track.TrackEvents
                    .TakeWhile(i => i.StartPositionTicks <= endTimeTicks)
                    .ToArray();
            }

            if (!preserveTimestamps)
            {
                foreach (var trackEvent in track.TrackEvents)
                {
                    trackEvent.EndPositionTicks -= startPositionTicks;
                    trackEvent.StartPositionTicks -= startPositionTicks;
                }
            }
        }

        async Task<Stream> ISubtitleEncoder.GetSubtitles(BaseItem item, string mediaSourceId, int subtitleStreamIndex, string outputFormat, long startTimeTicks, long endTimeTicks, bool preserveOriginalTimestamps, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(item);

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(mediaSourceId))
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(mediaSourceId));
            }

            var mediaSources = await _mediaSourceManager.GetPlaybackMediaSources(item, null, true, false, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            var mediaSource = mediaSources
                .First(i => string.Equals(i.Id, mediaSourceId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

            var subtitleStream = mediaSource.MediaStreams
               .First(i => i.Type == MediaStreamType.Subtitle && i.Index == subtitleStreamIndex);

            var (stream, inputFormat) = await GetSubtitleStream(mediaSource, subtitleStream, cancellationToken)
                        .ConfigureAwait(false);

            // Return the original if the same format is being requested
            // Character encoding was already handled in GetSubtitleStream
            if (string.Equals(inputFormat, outputFormat, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                return stream;
            }

            using (stream)
            {
                return ConvertSubtitles(stream, inputFormat, outputFormat, startTimeTicks, endTimeTicks, preserveOriginalTimestamps, cancellationToken);
            }
        }

        private async Task<(Stream Stream, string Format)> GetSubtitleStream(
            MediaSourceInfo mediaSource,
            MediaStream subtitleStream,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var fileInfo = await GetReadableFile(mediaSource, subtitleStream, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            var stream = await GetSubtitleStream(fileInfo, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            return (stream, fileInfo.Format);
        }

        private async Task<Stream> GetSubtitleStream(SubtitleInfo fileInfo, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            if (fileInfo.IsExternal)
            {
                var stream = await GetStream(fileInfo.Path, fileInfo.Protocol, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                await using (stream.ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    var result = await CharsetDetector.DetectFromStreamAsync(stream, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    var detected = result.Detected;
                    stream.Position = 0;

                    if (detected is not null)
                    {
                        _logger.LogDebug("charset {CharSet} detected for {Path}", detected.EncodingName, fileInfo.Path);

                        using var reader = new StreamReader(stream, detected.Encoding);
                        var text = await reader.ReadToEndAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

                        return new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text));
                    }
                }
            }

            return AsyncFile.OpenRead(fileInfo.Path);
        }

        internal async Task<SubtitleInfo> GetReadableFile(
            MediaSourceInfo mediaSource,
            MediaStream subtitleStream,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            if (!subtitleStream.IsExternal || subtitleStream.Path.EndsWith(".mks", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                await ExtractAllExtractableSubtitles(mediaSource, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

                var outputFileExtension = GetExtractableSubtitleFileExtension(subtitleStream);
                var outputFormat = GetExtractableSubtitleFormat(subtitleStream);
                var outputPath = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, "." + outputFileExtension);

                return new SubtitleInfo()
                {
                    Path = outputPath,
                    Protocol = MediaProtocol.File,
                    Format = outputFormat,
                    IsExternal = false
                };
            }

            var currentFormat = (Path.GetExtension(subtitleStream.Path) ?? subtitleStream.Codec)
                .TrimStart('.');

            // Handle PGS subtitles as raw streams for the client to render
            if (MediaStream.IsPgsFormat(currentFormat))
            {
                return new SubtitleInfo()
                {
                    Path = subtitleStream.Path,
                    Protocol = _mediaSourceManager.GetPathProtocol(subtitleStream.Path),
                    Format = "pgssub",
                    IsExternal = true
                };
            }

            // Fallback to ffmpeg conversion
            if (!_subtitleParser.SupportsFileExtension(currentFormat))
            {
                // Convert
                var outputPath = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, ".srt");

                await ConvertTextSubtitleToSrt(subtitleStream, mediaSource, outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

                return new SubtitleInfo()
                {
                    Path = outputPath,
                    Protocol = MediaProtocol.File,
                    Format = "srt",
                    IsExternal = true
                };
            }

            // It's possible that the subtitleStream and mediaSource don't share the same protocol (e.g. .STRM file with local subs)
            return new SubtitleInfo()
            {
                Path = subtitleStream.Path,
                Protocol = _mediaSourceManager.GetPathProtocol(subtitleStream.Path),
                Format = currentFormat,
                IsExternal = true
            };
        }

        private bool TryGetWriter(string format, [NotNullWhen(true)] out ISubtitleWriter? value)
        {
            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(format);

            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.ASS, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                value = new AssWriter();
                return true;
            }

            if (string.Equals(format, "json", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                value = new JsonWriter();
                return true;
            }

            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.SRT, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.SUBRIP, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                value = new SrtWriter();
                return true;
            }

            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.SSA, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                value = new SsaWriter();
                return true;
            }

            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.VTT, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.WEBVTT, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                value = new VttWriter();
                return true;
            }

            if (string.Equals(format, SubtitleFormat.TTML, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                value = new TtmlWriter();
                return true;
            }

            value = null;
            return false;
        }

        private ISubtitleWriter GetWriter(string format)
        {
            if (TryGetWriter(format, out var writer))
            {
                return writer;
            }

            throw new ArgumentException("Unsupported format: " + format);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts the text subtitle to SRT.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="subtitleStream">The subtitle stream.</param>
        /// <param name="mediaSource">The input mediaSource.</param>
        /// <param name="outputPath">The output path.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
        /// <returns>Task.</returns>
        private async Task ConvertTextSubtitleToSrt(MediaStream subtitleStream, MediaSourceInfo mediaSource, string outputPath, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            using (await _semaphoreLocks.LockAsync(outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
            {
                if (!File.Exists(outputPath))
                {
                    await ConvertTextSubtitleToSrtInternal(subtitleStream, mediaSource, outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts the text subtitle to SRT internal.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="subtitleStream">The subtitle stream.</param>
        /// <param name="mediaSource">The input mediaSource.</param>
        /// <param name="outputPath">The output path.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
        /// <returns>Task.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
        /// The <c>inputPath</c> or <c>outputPath</c> is <c>null</c>.
        /// </exception>
        private async Task ConvertTextSubtitleToSrtInternal(MediaStream subtitleStream, MediaSourceInfo mediaSource, string outputPath, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var inputPath = subtitleStream.Path;
            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(inputPath);

            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(outputPath);

            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({outputPath}) is not valid.", nameof(outputPath)));

            var encodingParam = await GetSubtitleFileCharacterSet(subtitleStream, subtitleStream.Language, mediaSource, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            // FFmpeg automatically convert character encoding when it is UTF-16
            // If we specify character encoding, it rejects with "do not specify a character encoding" and "Unable to recode subtitle event"
            if ((inputPath.EndsWith(".smi", StringComparison.Ordinal) || inputPath.EndsWith(".sami", StringComparison.Ordinal)) &&
                (encodingParam.Equals("UTF-16BE", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ||
                 encodingParam.Equals("UTF-16LE", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
            {
                encodingParam = string.Empty;
            }
            else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(encodingParam))
            {
                encodingParam = " -sub_charenc " + encodingParam;
            }

            int exitCode;

            using (var process = new Process
            {
                StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
                {
                    CreateNoWindow = true,
                    UseShellExecute = false,
                    FileName = _mediaEncoder.EncoderPath,
                    Arguments = string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0} -i \"{1}\" -c:s srt \"{2}\"", encodingParam, inputPath, outputPath),
                    WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
                    ErrorDialog = false
                },
                EnableRaisingEvents = true
            })
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("{0} {1}", process.StartInfo.FileName, process.StartInfo.Arguments);

                try
                {
                    process.Start();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error starting ffmpeg");

                    throw;
                }

                try
                {
                    var timeoutMinutes = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions().SubtitleExtractionTimeoutMinutes;
                    await process.WaitForExitAsync(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(timeoutMinutes)).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    exitCode = process.ExitCode;
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    process.Kill(true);
                    exitCode = -1;
                }
            }

            var failed = false;

            if (exitCode == -1)
            {
                failed = true;

                if (File.Exists(outputPath))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        _logger.LogInformation("Deleting converted subtitle due to failure: {Path}", outputPath);
                        _fileSystem.DeleteFile(outputPath);
                    }
                    catch (IOException ex)
                    {
                        _logger.LogError(ex, "Error deleting converted subtitle {Path}", outputPath);
                    }
                }
            }
            else if (!File.Exists(outputPath))
            {
                failed = true;
            }

            if (failed)
            {
                _logger.LogError("ffmpeg subtitle conversion failed for {Path}", inputPath);

                throw new FfmpegException(
                    string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "ffmpeg subtitle conversion failed for {0}", inputPath));
            }

            await SetAssFont(outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            _logger.LogInformation("ffmpeg subtitle conversion succeeded for {Path}", inputPath);
        }

        private string GetExtractableSubtitleFormat(MediaStream subtitleStream)
        {
            if (string.Equals(subtitleStream.Codec, "ass", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                || string.Equals(subtitleStream.Codec, "ssa", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                || string.Equals(subtitleStream.Codec, "pgssub", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                return subtitleStream.Codec;
            }
            else
            {
                return "srt";
            }
        }

        private string GetExtractableSubtitleFileExtension(MediaStream subtitleStream)
        {
            // Using .pgssub as file extension is not allowed by ffmpeg. The file extension for pgs subtitles is .sup.
            if (string.Equals(subtitleStream.Codec, "pgssub", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                return "sup";
            }
            else
            {
                return GetExtractableSubtitleFormat(subtitleStream);
            }
        }

        private bool IsCodecCopyable(string codec)
        {
            return string.Equals(codec, "ass", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                || string.Equals(codec, "ssa", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                || string.Equals(codec, "srt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                || string.Equals(codec, "subrip", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                || string.Equals(codec, "pgssub", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public async Task ExtractAllExtractableSubtitles(MediaSourceInfo mediaSource, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var locks = new List<IDisposable>();
            var extractableStreams = new List<MediaStream>();

            try
            {
                var subtitleStreams = mediaSource.MediaStreams
                    .Where(stream => stream is { IsExtractableSubtitleStream: true, SupportsExternalStream: true });

                foreach (var subtitleStream in subtitleStreams)
                {
                    if (subtitleStream.IsExternal && !subtitleStream.Path.EndsWith(".mks", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    var outputPath = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, "." + GetExtractableSubtitleFileExtension(subtitleStream));

                    var releaser = await _semaphoreLocks.LockAsync(outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

                    if (File.Exists(outputPath))
                    {
                        releaser.Dispose();
                        continue;
                    }

                    locks.Add(releaser);
                    extractableStreams.Add(subtitleStream);
                }

                if (extractableStreams.Count > 0)
                {
                    await ExtractAllExtractableSubtitlesInternal(mediaSource, extractableStreams, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    await ExtractAllExtractableSubtitlesMKS(mediaSource, extractableStreams, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                _logger.LogWarning(ex, "Unable to get streams for File:{File}", mediaSource.Path);
            }
            finally
            {
                locks.ForEach(x => x.Dispose());
            }
        }

        private async Task ExtractAllExtractableSubtitlesMKS(
           MediaSourceInfo mediaSource,
           List<MediaStream> subtitleStreams,
           CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var mksFiles = new List<string>();

            foreach (var subtitleStream in subtitleStreams)
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(subtitleStream.Path) || !subtitleStream.Path.EndsWith(".mks", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                if (!mksFiles.Contains(subtitleStream.Path))
                {
                    mksFiles.Add(subtitleStream.Path);
                }
            }

            if (mksFiles.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            foreach (string mksFile in mksFiles)
            {
                var inputPath = _mediaEncoder.GetInputArgument(mksFile, mediaSource);
                var outputPaths = new List<string>();
                var args = string.Format(
                    CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                    "-i {0} -copyts",
                    inputPath);

                foreach (var subtitleStream in subtitleStreams)
                {
                    if (!subtitleStream.Path.Equals(mksFile, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }

                    var outputPath = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, "." + GetExtractableSubtitleFileExtension(subtitleStream));
                    var outputCodec = IsCodecCopyable(subtitleStream.Codec) ? "copy" : "srt";
                    var streamIndex = EncodingHelper.FindIndex(mediaSource.MediaStreams, subtitleStream);

                    if (streamIndex == -1)
                    {
                        _logger.LogError("Cannot find subtitle stream index for {InputPath} ({Index}), skipping this stream", inputPath, subtitleStream.Index);
                        continue;
                    }

                    Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new FileNotFoundException($"Calculated path ({outputPath}) is not valid."));

                    outputPaths.Add(outputPath);
                    args += string.Format(
                        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                        " -map 0:{0} -an -vn -c:s {1} \"{2}\"",
                        streamIndex,
                        outputCodec,
                        outputPath);
                }

                await ExtractSubtitlesForFile(inputPath, args, outputPaths, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
        }

        private async Task ExtractAllExtractableSubtitlesInternal(
            MediaSourceInfo mediaSource,
            List<MediaStream> subtitleStreams,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var inputPath = _mediaEncoder.GetInputArgument(mediaSource.Path, mediaSource);
            var outputPaths = new List<string>();
            var args = string.Format(
                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                "-i {0} -copyts",
                inputPath);

            foreach (var subtitleStream in subtitleStreams)
            {
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(subtitleStream.Path) && subtitleStream.Path.EndsWith(".mks", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                {
                    _logger.LogDebug("Subtitle {Index} for file {InputPath} is part in an MKS file. Skipping", inputPath, subtitleStream.Index);
                    continue;
                }

                var outputPath = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, "." + GetExtractableSubtitleFileExtension(subtitleStream));
                var outputCodec = IsCodecCopyable(subtitleStream.Codec) ? "copy" : "srt";
                var streamIndex = EncodingHelper.FindIndex(mediaSource.MediaStreams, subtitleStream);

                if (streamIndex == -1)
                {
                    _logger.LogError("Cannot find subtitle stream index for {InputPath} ({Index}), skipping this stream", inputPath, subtitleStream.Index);
                    continue;
                }

                Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new FileNotFoundException($"Calculated path ({outputPath}) is not valid."));

                outputPaths.Add(outputPath);
                args += string.Format(
                    CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                    " -map 0:{0} -an -vn -c:s {1} \"{2}\"",
                    streamIndex,
                    outputCodec,
                    outputPath);
            }

            if (outputPaths.Count == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            await ExtractSubtitlesForFile(inputPath, args, outputPaths, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }

        private async Task ExtractSubtitlesForFile(
            string inputPath,
            string args,
            List<string> outputPaths,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            int exitCode;

            using (var process = new Process
            {
                StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
                {
                    CreateNoWindow = true,
                    UseShellExecute = false,
                    FileName = _mediaEncoder.EncoderPath,
                    Arguments = args,
                    WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
                    ErrorDialog = false
                },
                EnableRaisingEvents = true
            })
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("{File} {Arguments}", process.StartInfo.FileName, process.StartInfo.Arguments);

                try
                {
                    process.Start();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error starting ffmpeg");

                    throw;
                }

                try
                {
                    var timeoutMinutes = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions().SubtitleExtractionTimeoutMinutes;
                    await process.WaitForExitAsync(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(timeoutMinutes)).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    exitCode = process.ExitCode;
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    process.Kill(true);
                    exitCode = -1;
                }
            }

            var failed = false;

            if (exitCode == -1)
            {
                failed = true;

                foreach (var outputPath in outputPaths)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        _logger.LogWarning("Deleting extracted subtitle due to failure: {Path}", outputPath);
                        _fileSystem.DeleteFile(outputPath);
                    }
                    catch (FileNotFoundException)
                    {
                    }
                    catch (IOException ex)
                    {
                        _logger.LogError(ex, "Error deleting extracted subtitle {Path}", outputPath);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                foreach (var outputPath in outputPaths)
                {
                    if (!File.Exists(outputPath))
                    {
                        _logger.LogError("ffmpeg subtitle extraction failed for {InputPath} to {OutputPath}", inputPath, outputPath);
                        failed = true;
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (outputPath.EndsWith("ass", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        await SetAssFont(outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    }

                    _logger.LogInformation("ffmpeg subtitle extraction completed for {InputPath} to {OutputPath}", inputPath, outputPath);
                }
            }

            if (failed)
            {
                throw new FfmpegException(
                    string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "ffmpeg subtitle extraction failed for {0}", inputPath));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Extracts the text subtitle.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="mediaSource">The mediaSource.</param>
        /// <param name="subtitleStream">The subtitle stream.</param>
        /// <param name="outputCodec">The output codec.</param>
        /// <param name="outputPath">The output path.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
        /// <returns>Task.</returns>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Must use inputPath list overload.</exception>
        private async Task ExtractTextSubtitle(
            MediaSourceInfo mediaSource,
            MediaStream subtitleStream,
            string outputCodec,
            string outputPath,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            using (await _semaphoreLocks.LockAsync(outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false))
            {
                if (!File.Exists(outputPath))
                {
                    var subtitleStreamIndex = EncodingHelper.FindIndex(mediaSource.MediaStreams, subtitleStream);

                    var args = _mediaEncoder.GetInputArgument(mediaSource.Path, mediaSource);

                    if (subtitleStream.IsExternal)
                    {
                        args = _mediaEncoder.GetExternalSubtitleInputArgument(subtitleStream.Path);
                    }

                    await ExtractTextSubtitleInternal(
                        args,
                        subtitleStreamIndex,
                        outputCodec,
                        outputPath,
                        cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                }
            }
        }

        private async Task ExtractTextSubtitleInternal(
            string inputPath,
            int subtitleStreamIndex,
            string outputCodec,
            string outputPath,
            CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(inputPath);

            ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(outputPath);

            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({outputPath}) is not valid.", nameof(outputPath)));

            var processArgs = string.Format(
                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                "-i {0} -copyts -map 0:{1} -an -vn -c:s {2} \"{3}\"",
                inputPath,
                subtitleStreamIndex,
                outputCodec,
                outputPath);

            int exitCode;

            using (var process = new Process
            {
                StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
                {
                    CreateNoWindow = true,
                    UseShellExecute = false,
                    FileName = _mediaEncoder.EncoderPath,
                    Arguments = processArgs,
                    WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden,
                    ErrorDialog = false
                },
                EnableRaisingEvents = true
            })
            {
                _logger.LogInformation("{File} {Arguments}", process.StartInfo.FileName, process.StartInfo.Arguments);

                try
                {
                    process.Start();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error starting ffmpeg");

                    throw;
                }

                try
                {
                    var timeoutMinutes = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions().SubtitleExtractionTimeoutMinutes;
                    await process.WaitForExitAsync(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(timeoutMinutes)).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    exitCode = process.ExitCode;
                }
                catch (OperationCanceledException)
                {
                    process.Kill(true);
                    exitCode = -1;
                }
            }

            var failed = false;

            if (exitCode == -1)
            {
                failed = true;

                try
                {
                    _logger.LogWarning("Deleting extracted subtitle due to failure: {Path}", outputPath);
                    _fileSystem.DeleteFile(outputPath);
                }
                catch (FileNotFoundException)
                {
                }
                catch (IOException ex)
                {
                    _logger.LogError(ex, "Error deleting extracted subtitle {Path}", outputPath);
                }
            }
            else if (!File.Exists(outputPath))
            {
                failed = true;
            }

            if (failed)
            {
                _logger.LogError("ffmpeg subtitle extraction failed for {InputPath} to {OutputPath}", inputPath, outputPath);

                throw new FfmpegException(
                    string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "ffmpeg subtitle extraction failed for {0} to {1}", inputPath, outputPath));
            }

            _logger.LogInformation("ffmpeg subtitle extraction completed for {InputPath} to {OutputPath}", inputPath, outputPath);

            if (string.Equals(outputCodec, "ass", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                await SetAssFont(outputPath, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets the ass font.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="file">The file.</param>
        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The token to monitor for cancellation requests. The default value is <c>System.Threading.CancellationToken.None</c>.</param>
        /// <returns>Task.</returns>
        private async Task SetAssFont(string file, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            _logger.LogInformation("Setting ass font within {File}", file);

            string text;
            Encoding encoding;

            using (var fileStream = AsyncFile.OpenRead(file))
            using (var reader = new StreamReader(fileStream, true))
            {
                encoding = reader.CurrentEncoding;

                text = await reader.ReadToEndAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }

            var newText = text.Replace(",Arial,", ",Arial Unicode MS,", StringComparison.Ordinal);

            if (!string.Equals(text, newText, StringComparison.Ordinal))
            {
                var fileStream = new FileStream(file, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None, IODefaults.FileStreamBufferSize, FileOptions.Asynchronous);
                await using (fileStream.ConfigureAwait(false))
                {
                    var writer = new StreamWriter(fileStream, encoding);
                    await using (writer.ConfigureAwait(false))
                    {
                        await writer.WriteAsync(newText.AsMemory(), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private string GetSubtitleCachePath(MediaSourceInfo mediaSource, int subtitleStreamIndex, string outputSubtitleExtension)
        {
            return _pathManager.GetSubtitlePath(mediaSource.Id, subtitleStreamIndex, outputSubtitleExtension);
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public async Task<string> GetSubtitleFileCharacterSet(MediaStream subtitleStream, string language, MediaSourceInfo mediaSource, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var subtitleCodec = subtitleStream.Codec;
            var path = subtitleStream.Path;

            if (path.EndsWith(".mks", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                path = GetSubtitleCachePath(mediaSource, subtitleStream.Index, "." + subtitleCodec);
                await ExtractTextSubtitle(mediaSource, subtitleStream, subtitleCodec, path, cancellationToken)
                    .ConfigureAwait(false);
            }

            var stream = await GetStream(path, mediaSource.Protocol, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            await using (stream.ConfigureAwait(false))
            {
                var result = await CharsetDetector.DetectFromStreamAsync(stream, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                var charset = result.Detected?.EncodingName ?? string.Empty;

                // UTF16 is automatically converted to UTF8 by FFmpeg, do not specify a character encoding
                if ((path.EndsWith(".ass", StringComparison.Ordinal) || path.EndsWith(".ssa", StringComparison.Ordinal) || path.EndsWith(".srt", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    && (string.Equals(charset, "utf-16le", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                        || string.Equals(charset, "utf-16be", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
                {
                    charset = string.Empty;
                }

                _logger.LogDebug("charset {0} detected for {Path}", charset, path);

                return charset;
            }
        }

        private async Task<Stream> GetStream(string path, MediaProtocol protocol, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            switch (protocol)
            {
                case MediaProtocol.Http:
                    {
                        using var response = await _httpClientFactory.CreateClient(NamedClient.Default)
                            .GetAsync(new Uri(path), cancellationToken)
                            .ConfigureAwait(false);
                        return await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    }

                case MediaProtocol.File:
                    return AsyncFile.OpenRead(path);
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(protocol));
            }
        }

        public async Task<string> GetSubtitleFilePath(MediaStream subtitleStream, MediaSourceInfo mediaSource, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var info = await GetReadableFile(mediaSource, subtitleStream, cancellationToken)
                .ConfigureAwait(false);
            return info.Path;
        }

        /// <inheritdoc />
        public void Dispose()
        {
            _semaphoreLocks.Dispose();
        }

#pragma warning disable CA1034 // Nested types should not be visible
        // Only public for the unit tests
        public readonly record struct SubtitleInfo
        {
            public string Path { get; init; }

            public MediaProtocol Protocol { get; init; }

            public string Format { get; init; }

            public bool IsExternal { get; init; }
        }
    }
}