borg/attic/archiver.py

import argparse
from binascii import hexlify
from datetime import datetime
from operator import attrgetter
import os
import stat
import sys

from attic import __version__
from attic.archive import Archive
from attic.repository import Repository
from attic.cache import Cache
from attic.key import key_creator
from attic.helpers import Error, location_validator, format_time, \
    format_file_mode, ExcludePattern, exclude_path, adjust_patterns, to_localtime, \
    get_cache_dir, get_keys_dir, format_timedelta, prune_split, Manifest, remove_surrogates, is_a_terminal
from attic.remote import RepositoryServer, RemoteRepository


class Archiver:

    def __init__(self):
        self.exit_code = 0

    def open_repository(self, location, create=False):
        if location.proto == 'ssh':
            repository = RemoteRepository(location, create=create)
        else:
            repository = Repository(location.path, create=create)
        repository._location = location
        return repository

    def print_error(self, msg, *args):
        msg = args and msg % args or msg
        self.exit_code = 1
        print('attic: ' + msg, file=sys.stderr)

    def print_verbose(self, msg, *args, **kw):
        if self.verbose:
            msg = args and msg % args or msg
            if kw.get('newline', True):
                print(msg)
            else:
                print(msg, end=' ')

    def do_serve(self):
        return RepositoryServer().serve()

    def do_init(self, args):
        """Initialize an empty repository
        """
        print('Initializing repository at "%s"' % args.repository.orig)
        repository = self.open_repository(args.repository, create=True)
        key = key_creator(repository, args)
        manifest = Manifest()
        manifest.repository = repository
        manifest.key = key
        manifest.write()
        repository.commit()
        return self.exit_code

    def do_check(self, args):
        """Check repository consistency
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.repository)
        if args.progress is None:
            args.progress = is_a_terminal(sys.stdout) or args.verbose
        if not repository.check(progress=args.progress):
            self.exit_code = 1
        return self.exit_code

    def do_change_passphrase(self, args):
        """Change repository key file passphrase
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.repository)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        key.change_passphrase()
        return self.exit_code

    def do_create(self, args):
        """Create new archive
        """
        t0 = datetime.now()
        repository = self.open_repository(args.archive)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        cache = Cache(repository, key, manifest)
        archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.archive.archive, cache=cache,
                          create=True, checkpoint_interval=args.checkpoint_interval,
                          numeric_owner=args.numeric_owner)
        # Add Attic cache dir to inode_skip list
        skip_inodes = set()
        try:
            st = os.stat(get_cache_dir())
            skip_inodes.add((st.st_ino, st.st_dev))
        except IOError:
            pass
        # Add local repository dir to inode_skip list
        if not args.archive.host:
            try:
                st = os.stat(args.archive.path)
                skip_inodes.add((st.st_ino, st.st_dev))
            except IOError:
                pass
        for path in args.paths:
            path = os.path.normpath(path)
            if args.dontcross:
                try:
                    restrict_dev = os.lstat(path).st_dev
                except OSError as e:
                    self.print_error('%s: %s', path, e)
                    continue
            else:
                restrict_dev = None
            self._process(archive, cache, args.excludes, skip_inodes, path, restrict_dev)
        archive.save()
        if args.stats:
            t = datetime.now()
            diff = t - t0
            print('-' * 40)
            print('Archive name: %s' % args.archive.archive)
            print('Archive fingerprint: %s' % hexlify(archive.id).decode('ascii'))
            print('Start time: %s' % t0.strftime('%c'))
            print('End time: %s' % t.strftime('%c'))
            print('Duration: %s' % format_timedelta(diff))
            archive.stats.print_()
            print('-' * 40)
        return self.exit_code

    def _process(self, archive, cache, excludes, skip_inodes, path, restrict_dev):
        if exclude_path(path, excludes):
            return
        try:
            st = os.lstat(path)
        except OSError as e:
            self.print_error('%s: %s', path, e)
            return
        if (st.st_ino, st.st_dev) in skip_inodes:
            return
        # Entering a new filesystem?
        if restrict_dev and st.st_dev != restrict_dev:
            return
        # Ignore unix sockets
        if stat.S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode):
            return
        self.print_verbose(remove_surrogates(path))
        if stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode):
            try:
                archive.process_file(path, st, cache)
            except IOError as e:
                self.print_error('%s: %s', path, e)
        elif stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode):
            archive.process_item(path, st)
            try:
                entries = os.listdir(path)
            except OSError as e:
                self.print_error('%s: %s', path, e)
            else:
                for filename in sorted(entries):
                    self._process(archive, cache, excludes, skip_inodes,
                                  os.path.join(path, filename), restrict_dev)
        elif stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode):
            archive.process_symlink(path, st)
        elif stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):
            archive.process_item(path, st)
        elif stat.S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) or stat.S_ISBLK(st.st_mode):
            archive.process_dev(path, st)
        else:
            self.print_error('Unknown file type: %s', path)

    def do_extract(self, args):
        """Extract archive contents
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.archive)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.archive.archive,
                          numeric_owner=args.numeric_owner)
        patterns = adjust_patterns(args.paths, args.excludes)
        dirs = []
        for item in archive.iter_items(lambda item: not exclude_path(item[b'path'], patterns), preload=True):
            while dirs and not item[b'path'].startswith(dirs[-1][b'path']):
                archive.extract_item(dirs.pop(-1))
            self.print_verbose(remove_surrogates(item[b'path']))
            try:
                if stat.S_ISDIR(item[b'mode']):
                    dirs.append(item)
                    archive.extract_item(item, restore_attrs=False)
                else:
                    archive.extract_item(item)
            except IOError as e:
                self.print_error('%s: %s', remove_surrogates(item[b'path']), e)

        while dirs:
            archive.extract_item(dirs.pop(-1))
        return self.exit_code

    def do_delete(self, args):
        """Delete archive
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.archive)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        cache = Cache(repository, key, manifest)
        archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.archive.archive, cache=cache)
        archive.delete(cache)
        return self.exit_code

    def do_mount(self, args):
        """Mount archive as a FUSE fileystem
        """
        try:
            from attic.fuse import AtticOperations
        except ImportError:
            self.print_error('the "llfuse" module is required to use this feature')
            return self.exit_code

        if not os.path.isdir(args.mountpoint) or not os.access(args.mountpoint, os.R_OK | os.W_OK | os.X_OK):
            self.print_error('%s: Mountpoint must be a writable directory' % args.mountpoint)
            return self.exit_code

        repository = self.open_repository(args.archive)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        self.print_verbose("Loading archive metadata...", newline=False)
        archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.archive.archive)
        self.print_verbose('done')
        operations = AtticOperations(key, repository, archive)
        self.print_verbose("Mounting filesystem")
        try:
            operations.mount(args.mountpoint, args.options, args.foreground)
        except RuntimeError:
            # Relevant error message already printed to stderr by fuse
            self.exit_code = 1
        return self.exit_code

    def do_list(self, args):
        """List archive or repository contents
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.src)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        if args.src.archive:
            tmap = {1: 'p', 2: 'c', 4: 'd', 6: 'b', 0o10: '-', 0o12: 'l', 0o14: 's'}
            archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.src.archive)
            for item in archive.iter_items():
                type = tmap.get(item[b'mode'] // 4096, '?')
                mode = format_file_mode(item[b'mode'])
                size = 0
                if type == '-':
                    try:
                        size = sum(size for _, size, _ in item[b'chunks'])
                    except KeyError:
                        pass
                mtime = format_time(datetime.fromtimestamp(item[b'mtime'] / 10**9))
                if b'source' in item:
                    if type == 'l':
                        extra = ' -> %s' % item[b'source']
                    else:
                        type = 'h'
                        extra = ' link to %s' % item[b'source']
                else:
                    extra = ''
                print('%s%s %-6s %-6s %8d %s %s%s' % (type, mode, item[b'user'] or item[b'uid'],
                                                  item[b'group'] or item[b'gid'], size, mtime,
                                                  remove_surrogates(item[b'path']), extra))
        else:
            for archive in sorted(Archive.list_archives(repository, key, manifest), key=attrgetter('ts')):
                print('%-20s %s' % (archive.metadata[b'name'], to_localtime(archive.ts).strftime('%c')))
        return self.exit_code

    def do_verify(self, args):
        """Verify archive consistency
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.archive)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.archive.archive)
        patterns = adjust_patterns(args.paths, args.excludes)

        def start_cb(item):
            self.print_verbose('%s ...', remove_surrogates(item[b'path']), newline=False)

        def result_cb(item, success):
            if success:
                self.print_verbose('OK')
            else:
                self.print_verbose('ERROR')
                self.print_error('%s: verification failed' % remove_surrogates(item[b'path']))
        for item in archive.iter_items(lambda item: not exclude_path(item[b'path'], patterns), preload=True):
            if stat.S_ISREG(item[b'mode']) and b'chunks' in item:
                archive.verify_file(item, start_cb, result_cb)
        return self.exit_code

    def do_info(self, args):
        """Show archive details such as disk space used
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.archive)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        cache = Cache(repository, key, manifest)
        archive = Archive(repository, key, manifest, args.archive.archive, cache=cache)
        stats = archive.calc_stats(cache)
        print('Name:', archive.name)
        print('Fingerprint: %s' % hexlify(archive.id).decode('ascii'))
        print('Hostname:', archive.metadata[b'hostname'])
        print('Username:', archive.metadata[b'username'])
        print('Time: %s' % to_localtime(archive.ts).strftime('%c'))
        print('Command line:', remove_surrogates(' '.join(archive.metadata[b'cmdline'])))
        stats.print_()
        return self.exit_code

    def do_prune(self, args):
        """Prune repository archives according to specified rules
        """
        repository = self.open_repository(args.repository)
        manifest, key = Manifest.load(repository)
        cache = Cache(repository, key, manifest)
        archives = list(sorted(Archive.list_archives(repository, key, manifest, cache),
                               key=attrgetter('ts'), reverse=True))
        if args.hourly + args.daily + args.weekly + args.monthly + args.yearly == 0:
            self.print_error('At least one of the "hourly", "daily", "weekly", "monthly" or "yearly" '
                             'settings must be specified')
            return 1
        if args.prefix:
            archives = [archive for archive in archives if archive.name.startswith(args.prefix)]
        keep = []
        if args.hourly:
            keep += prune_split(archives, '%Y-%m-%d %H', args.hourly)
        if args.daily:
            keep += prune_split(archives, '%Y-%m-%d', args.daily, keep)
        if args.weekly:
            keep += prune_split(archives, '%G-%V', args.weekly, keep)
        if args.monthly:
            keep += prune_split(archives, '%Y-%m', args.monthly, keep)
        if args.yearly:
            keep += prune_split(archives, '%Y', args.yearly, keep)

        keep.sort(key=attrgetter('ts'), reverse=True)
        to_delete = [a for a in archives if a not in keep]

        for archive in keep:
            self.print_verbose('Keeping archive "%s"' % archive.name)
        for archive in to_delete:
            self.print_verbose('Pruning archive "%s"', archive.name)
            archive.delete(cache)
        return self.exit_code

    helptext = {}
    helptext['patterns'] = '''
        Exclude patterns use a variant of shell pattern syntax, with '*' matching any
        number of characters, '?' matching any single character, '[...]' matching any
        single character specified, including ranges, and '[!...]' matching any
        character not specified.  For the purpose of these patterns, the path
        separator ('\\' for Windows and '/' on other systems) is not treated
        specially.  For a path to match a pattern, it must completely match from
        start to end, or must match from the start to just before a path separator.
        Except for the root path, paths will never end in the path separator when
        matching is attempted.  Thus, if a given pattern ends in a path separator, a
        '*' is appended before matching is attempted.  Patterns with wildcards should
        be quoted to protect them from shell expansion.
        
        Examples:
        
        # Exclude '/home/user/file.o' but not '/home/user/file.odt':
        $ attic create -e '*.o' repo.attic /
        
        # Exclude '/home/user/junk' and '/home/user/subdir/junk' but
        # not '/home/user/importantjunk' or '/etc/junk':
        $ attic create -e '/home/*/junk' repo.attic /
        
        # Exclude the contents of '/home/user/cache' but not the directory itself:
        $ attic create -e /home/user/cache/ repo.attic /
        
        # The file '/home/user/cache/important' is *not* backed up:
        $ attic create -e /home/user/cache/ repo.attic / /home/user/cache/important
        '''

    def do_help(self, args):
        if args.topic in self.helptext:
            print(self.helptext[args.topic])
        else:
            # FIXME:  If topic is one of the regular commands, show that help.
            # Otherwise, show the default global help.
            print('No help available on %s' % (args.topic,))

    def run(self, args=None):
        keys_dir = get_keys_dir()
        if not os.path.exists(keys_dir):
            os.makedirs(keys_dir)
            os.chmod(keys_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
        cache_dir = get_cache_dir()
        if not os.path.exists(cache_dir):
            os.makedirs(cache_dir)
            os.chmod(cache_dir, stat.S_IRWXU)
        common_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
        common_parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', dest='verbose', action='store_true',
                            default=False,
                            help='verbose output')

        # We can't use argparse for "serve" since we don't want it to show up in "Available commands"
        if args and args[0] == 'serve':
            return self.do_serve()

        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Attic %s - Deduplicated Backups' % __version__)
        subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(title='Available commands')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('init', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_init.__doc__)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_init)
        subparser.add_argument('repository', metavar='REPOSITORY',
                               type=location_validator(archive=False),
                               help='repository to create')
        subparser.add_argument('-e', '--encryption', dest='encryption',
                               choices=('none', 'passphrase', 'keyfile'), default='none',
                               help='select encryption method')

        check_epilog = """
        Progress status will be reported on the standard error stream by default when
        it is attached to a terminal. Any problems found are printed to the standard error
        stream and the command will have a non zero exit code.
        """
        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('check', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_check.__doc__,
                                          epilog=check_epilog)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_check)
        subparser.add_argument('repository', metavar='REPOSITORY',
                               type=location_validator(archive=False),
                               help='repository to check consistency of')
        subparser.add_argument('--progress', dest='progress', action='store_true',
                               default=None,
                               help='Report progress status to standard output stream')
        subparser.add_argument('--no-progress', dest='progress', action='store_false',
                               help='Disable progress reporting')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('change-passphrase', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_change_passphrase.__doc__)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_change_passphrase)
        subparser.add_argument('repository', metavar='REPOSITORY',
                               type=location_validator(archive=False))

        create_epilog = '''See "attic help patterns" for more help on exclude patterns.'''

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('create', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_create.__doc__,
                                          epilog=create_epilog)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_create)
        subparser.add_argument('-s', '--stats', dest='stats',
                               action='store_true', default=False,
                               help='print statistics for the created archive')
        subparser.add_argument('-e', '--exclude', dest='excludes',
                               type=ExcludePattern, action='append',
                               metavar="PATTERN", help='exclude paths matching PATTERN')
        subparser.add_argument('-c', '--checkpoint-interval', dest='checkpoint_interval',
                               type=int, default=300, metavar='SECONDS',
                               help='write checkpoint every SECONDS seconds (Default: 300)')
        subparser.add_argument('--do-not-cross-mountpoints', dest='dontcross',
                               action='store_true', default=False,
                               help='do not cross mount points')
        subparser.add_argument('--numeric-owner', dest='numeric_owner',
                               action='store_true', default=False,
                               help='only store numeric user and group identifiers')
        subparser.add_argument('archive', metavar='ARCHIVE',
                               type=location_validator(archive=True),
                               help='archive to create')
        subparser.add_argument('paths', metavar='PATH', nargs='+', type=str,
                               help='paths to archive')

        extract_epilog = '''See "attic help patterns" for more help on exclude patterns.'''

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('extract', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_extract.__doc__,
                                          epilog=extract_epilog)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_extract)
        subparser.add_argument('-e', '--exclude', dest='excludes',
                               type=ExcludePattern, action='append',
                               metavar="PATTERN", help='exclude paths matching PATTERN')
        subparser.add_argument('--numeric-owner', dest='numeric_owner',
                               action='store_true', default=False,
                               help='only obey numeric user and group identifiers')
        subparser.add_argument('archive', metavar='ARCHIVE',
                               type=location_validator(archive=True),
                               help='archive to extract')
        subparser.add_argument('paths', metavar='PATH', nargs='*', type=str,
                               help='paths to extract')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('delete', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_delete.__doc__)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_delete)
        subparser.add_argument('archive', metavar='ARCHIVE',
                               type=location_validator(archive=True),
                               help='archive to delete')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('list', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_list.__doc__)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_list)
        subparser.add_argument('src', metavar='REPOSITORY_OR_ARCHIVE', type=location_validator(),
                               help='repository/archive to list contents of')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('mount', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_mount.__doc__)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_mount)
        subparser.add_argument('archive', metavar='ARCHIVE', type=location_validator(archive=True),
                               help='archive to mount')
        subparser.add_argument('mountpoint', metavar='MOUNTPOINT', type=str,
                               help='where to mount filesystem')
        subparser.add_argument('-f', '--foreground', dest='foreground',
                               action='store_true', default=False,
                               help='stay in foreground, do not daemonize')
        subparser.add_argument('-o', dest='options', type=str,
                               help='Extra mount options')

        verify_epilog = '''See "attic help patterns" for more help on exclude patterns.'''

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('verify', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_verify.__doc__,
                                          epilog=verify_epilog)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_verify)
        subparser.add_argument('-e', '--exclude', dest='excludes',
                               type=ExcludePattern, action='append',
                               metavar="PATTERN", help='exclude paths matching PATTERN')
        subparser.add_argument('archive', metavar='ARCHIVE',
                               type=location_validator(archive=True),
                               help='archive to verity integrity of')
        subparser.add_argument('paths', metavar='PATH', nargs='*', type=str,
                               help='paths to verify')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('info', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_info.__doc__)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_info)
        subparser.add_argument('archive', metavar='ARCHIVE',
                               type=location_validator(archive=True),
                               help='archive to display information about')

        prune_epilog = '''The prune command prunes a repository by deleting archives
        not matching any of the specified retention options. This command is normally
        used by automated backup scripts wanting to keep a certain number of historic
        backups. As an example, "-d 7" means to keep the latest backup on each day
        for 7 days. Days without backups do not count towards the total. The rules
        are applied from hourly to yearly, and backups selected by previous rules do
        not count towards those of later rules. Dates and times are interpreted in
        the local timezone, and weeks go from Monday to Sunday. Specifying a
        negative number of archives to keep means that there is no limit. If a
        prefix is set with -p, then only archives that start with the prefix are
        considered for deletion and only those archives count towards the totals
        specified by the rules.'''

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('prune', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description=self.do_prune.__doc__,
                                          epilog=prune_epilog)
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_prune)
        subparser.add_argument('-H', '--hourly', dest='hourly', type=int, default=0,
                               help='number of hourly archives to keep')
        subparser.add_argument('-d', '--daily', dest='daily', type=int, default=0,
                               help='number of daily archives to keep')
        subparser.add_argument('-w', '--weekly', dest='weekly', type=int, default=0,
                               help='number of daily archives to keep')
        subparser.add_argument('-m', '--monthly', dest='monthly', type=int, default=0,
                               help='number of monthly archives to keep')
        subparser.add_argument('-y', '--yearly', dest='yearly', type=int, default=0,
                               help='number of yearly archives to keep')
        subparser.add_argument('-p', '--prefix', dest='prefix', type=str,
                               help='only consider archive names starting with this prefix')
        subparser.add_argument('repository', metavar='REPOSITORY',
                               type=location_validator(archive=False),
                               help='repository to prune')

        subparser = subparsers.add_parser('help', parents=[common_parser],
                                          description='Extra help')
        subparser.set_defaults(func=self.do_help)
        subparser.add_argument('topic', metavar='TOPIC', type=str,
                               help='additional help on TOPIC')

        args = parser.parse_args(args or ['-h'])
        self.verbose = args.verbose
        return args.func(args)


def main():
    archiver = Archiver()
    try:
        exit_code = archiver.run(sys.argv[1:])
    except Error as e:
        archiver.print_error(e.get_message())
        exit_code = e.exit_code
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        archiver.print_error('Error: Keyboard interrupt')
        exit_code = 1
    else:
        if exit_code:
            archiver.print_error('Exiting with failure status due to previous errors')
    sys.exit(exit_code)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()