borg/docs/usage/create.rst

.. include:: create.rst.inc

.. note::

   Archive series and performance: In Borg 2, archives that share the same NAME form an "archive series".
   The files cache is maintained per series. For best performance on repeated backups, reuse the same
   NAME every time you run ``borg create`` for the same dataset (e.g. always use ``my-documents``).
   Frequently changing the NAME (for example by embedding date/time like ``my-documents-2025-11-10``)
   prevents cache reuse and forces Borg to re-scan and re-chunk files, which can make incremental
   backups vastly slower. Only vary the NAME if you intentionally want to start a new series.

   If you must vary the archive name but still want cache reuse across names, see the advanced
   knobs described in :ref:`upgradenotes2` (``BORG_FILES_CACHE_SUFFIX`` and ``BORG_FILES_CACHE_TTL``),
   but the recommended approach is to keep a stable NAME per series.

Examples
~~~~~~~~
::

    # Backup ~/Documents into an archive named "my-documents"
    $ borg create my-documents ~/Documents

    # same, but list all files as we process them
    $ borg create --list my-documents ~/Documents

    # Backup /mnt/disk/docs, but strip path prefix using the slashdot hack
    $ borg create --repo /path/to/repo docs /mnt/disk/./docs

    # Backup ~/Documents and ~/src but exclude pyc files
    $ borg create my-files                \
        ~/Documents                       \
        ~/src                             \
        --exclude '*.pyc'

    # Backup home directories excluding image thumbnails (i.e. only
    # /home/<one directory>/.thumbnails is excluded, not /home/*/*/.thumbnails etc.)
    $ borg create my-files /home --exclude 'sh:home/*/.thumbnails'

    # Back up the root filesystem into an archive named "root-archive"
    # Use zlib compression (good, but slow) — default is LZ4 (fast, low compression ratio)
    $ borg create -C zlib,6 --one-file-system root-archive /

    # Backup into an archive name like FQDN-root
    $ borg create '{fqdn}-root' /

    # Back up a remote host locally ("pull" style) using SSHFS
    $ mkdir sshfs-mount
    $ sshfs root@example.com:/ sshfs-mount
    $ cd sshfs-mount
    $ borg create example.com-root .
    $ cd ..
    $ fusermount -u sshfs-mount

    # Make a big effort in fine-grained deduplication (big chunk management
    # overhead, needs a lot of RAM and disk space; see the formula in the internals docs):
    $ borg create --chunker-params buzhash,10,23,16,4095 small /smallstuff

    # Backup a raw device (must not be active/in use/mounted at that time)
    $ borg create --read-special --chunker-params fixed,4194304 my-sdx /dev/sdX

    # Backup a sparse disk image (must not be active/in use/mounted at that time)
    $ borg create --sparse --chunker-params fixed,4194304 my-disk my-disk.raw

    # No compression (none)
    $ borg create --compression none arch ~

    # Super fast, low compression (lz4, default)
    $ borg create arch ~

    # Less fast, higher compression (zlib, N = 0..9)
    $ borg create --compression zlib,N arch ~

    # Even slower, even higher compression (lzma, N = 0..9)
    $ borg create --compression lzma,N arch ~

    # Only compress compressible data with lzma,N (N = 0..9)
    $ borg create --compression auto,lzma,N arch ~

    # Use the short hostname and username as the archive name
    $ borg create '{hostname}-{user}' ~

    # Back up relative paths by moving into the correct directory first
    $ cd /home/user/Documents
    # The root directory of the archive will be "projectA"
    $ borg create 'daily-projectA' projectA

    # Use external command to determine files to archive
    # Use --paths-from-stdin with find to back up only files less than 1 MB in size
    $ find ~ -size -1000k | borg create --paths-from-stdin small-files-only
    # Use --paths-from-command with find to back up files from only a given user
    $ borg create --paths-from-command joes-files -- find /srv/samba/shared -user joe
    # Use --paths-from-stdin with --paths-delimiter (for example, for filenames with newlines in them)
    $ find ~ -size -1000k -print0 | borg create \
        --paths-from-stdin \
        --paths-delimiter "\0" \
        smallfiles-handle-newline