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@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Also, you must not run borg against multiple instances of the same repo
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(which is an issue if they happen to be not the same).
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See :issue:`4272` for an example.
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- Encryption security issues if you would update repo and copy-of-repo
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- independently, due to AES counter reuse.
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+ independently, due to AES counter reuse (when using legacy encryption modes).
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See also: :ref:`faq_corrupt_repo`
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@@ -246,6 +246,8 @@ then use ``tar`` to perform the comparison:
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My repository is corrupt, how can I restore from an older copy of it?
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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+Note: this is only required for repos using legacy encryption modes.
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+
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If your repositories are encrypted and have the same ID, the recommended method
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is to delete the corrupted repository, but keep its security info, and then copy
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the working repository to the same location:
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@@ -473,8 +475,11 @@ Security
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.. _borg_security_critique:
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-Isn't BorgBackup's AES-CTR crypto broken?
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------------------------------------------
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+Isn't BorgBackup's legacy AES-CTR-based crypto broken?
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+------------------------------------------------------
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+
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+Note: in borg 1.3 new AEAD cipher based modes with session keys were added,
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+solving the issues of the legacy modes.
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If a nonce (counter) value is reused, AES-CTR mode crypto is broken.
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@@ -713,6 +718,8 @@ Please disclose security issues responsibly.
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How important are the nonce files?
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------------------------------------
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+This only applies to repositories using legacy encryption modes.
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+
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Borg uses :ref:`AES-CTR encryption <borg_security_critique>`. An
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essential part of AES-CTR is a sequential counter that must **never**
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repeat. If the same value of the counter is used twice in the same repository,
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@@ -881,14 +888,14 @@ What's the expected backup performance?
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---------------------------------------
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Compared to simply copying files (e.g. with ``rsync``), Borg has more work to do.
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-This can make creation of the first archive slower, but saves time
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+This can make creation of the first archive slower, but saves time
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and disk space on subsequent runs. Here what Borg does when you run ``borg create``:
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- Borg chunks the file (using the relatively expensive buzhash algorithm)
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-- It then computes the "id" of the chunk (hmac-sha256 (often slow, except
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+- It then computes the "id" of the chunk (hmac-sha256 (often slow, except
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if your CPU has sha256 acceleration) or blake2b (fast, in software))
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-- Then it checks whether this chunk is already in the repo (local hashtable lookup,
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- fast). If so, the processing of the chunk is completed here. Otherwise it needs to
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+- Then it checks whether this chunk is already in the repo (local hashtable lookup,
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+ fast). If so, the processing of the chunk is completed here. Otherwise it needs to
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process the chunk:
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- Compresses (the default lz4 is super fast)
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- Encrypts (AES, usually fast if your CPU has AES acceleration as usual
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@@ -896,9 +903,9 @@ and disk space on subsequent runs. Here what Borg does when you run ``borg creat
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- Authenticates ("signs") using hmac-sha256 or blake2b (see above),
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- Transmits to repo. If the repo is remote, this usually involves an SSH connection
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(does its own encryption / authentication).
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-- Stores the chunk into a key/value store (the key is the chunk id, the value
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+- Stores the chunk into a key/value store (the key is the chunk id, the value
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is the data). While doing that, it computes a CRC32 of the data (repo low-level
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- checksum, used by borg check --repository) and also updates the repo index
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+ checksum, used by borg check --repository) and also updates the repo index
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(another hashtable).
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Subsequent backups are usually very fast if most files are unchanged and only
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@@ -928,14 +935,14 @@ If you feel your Borg backup is too slow somehow, here is what you can do:
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- Make sure Borg has enough RAM (depends on how big your repo is / how many
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files you have)
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-- Use one of the blake2 modes for --encryption except if you positively know
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+- Use one of the blake2 modes for --encryption except if you positively know
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your CPU (and openssl) accelerates sha256 (then stay with hmac-sha256).
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- Don't use any expensive compression. The default is lz4 and super fast.
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Uncompressed is often slower than lz4.
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- Just wait. You can also interrupt it and start it again as often as you like,
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it will converge against a valid "completed" state (see ``--checkpoint-interval``,
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maybe use the default, but in any case don't make it too short). It is starting
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- from the beginning each time, but it is still faster then as it does not store
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+ from the beginning each time, but it is still faster then as it does not store
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data into the repo which it already has there from last checkpoint.
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- If you don’t need additional file attributes, you can disable them with ``--noflags``,
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``--noacls``, ``--noxattrs``. This can lead to noticable performance improvements
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@@ -945,12 +952,12 @@ If you feel that Borg "freezes" on a file, it could be in the middle of processi
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large file (like ISOs or VM images). Borg < 1.2 announces file names *after* finishing
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with the file. This can lead to displaying the name of a small file, while processing the
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next (larger) file. For very big files this can lead to the progress display show some
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-previous short file for a long time while it processes the big one. With Borg 1.2 this
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+previous short file for a long time while it processes the big one. With Borg 1.2 this
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was changed to announcing the filename before starting to process it.
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To see what files have changed and take more time processing, you can also add
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-``--list --filter=AME --stats`` to your ``borg create`` call to produce more log output,
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-including a file list (with file status characters) and also some statistics at
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+``--list --filter=AME --stats`` to your ``borg create`` call to produce more log output,
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+including a file list (with file status characters) and also some statistics at
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the end of the backup.
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Then you do the backup and look at the log output:
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